Usoro oxidation kemịkalụ bụ usoro ọdịnala maka ịkwadebe graphite nwere ike ịgbasa. Na usoro a, eke flake graphite na-agwakọta na kwesịrị ekwesị oxidant na intercarating gị n'ụlọnga, na-achịkwa na a ụfọdụ okpomọkụ, mgbe niile na-akpali, na-asa, filter na akpọnwụwo iji nweta expandable graphite. Usoro oxidation chemical aghọwo usoro tozuru okè na ụlọ ọrụ na uru nke ngwá ọrụ dị mfe, ọrụ dị mma na ọnụ ala.
Usoro nzọụkwụ nke chemical oxidation gụnyere oxidation na intercalation.The oxidation nke graphite bụ isi ọnọdụ maka guzobe nke expandable graphite, n'ihi na ma intercalation mmeghachi omume nwere ike ịga n'ihu were were dabere n'ókè nke oghere n'etiti graphite layers.And eke graphite na ụlọ. okpomọkụ nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike na acid na alkali eguzogide, n'ihi ya, ọ dịghị emeghachi omume na acid na alkali, ya mere, mgbakwunye nke oxidant aghọwo ihe dị mkpa isi akụrụngwa na chemical oxidation.
E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị oxidants, ndị a na-ejikarị oxidants bụ ndị siri ike oxidants (dị ka potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, wdg), nwekwara ike ịbụ ụfọdụ oxidizing mmiri mmiri oxidants (dị ka hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, wdg). ). Achọpụtara ya n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na potassium permanganate bụ isi oxidant eji akwadebe graphite gbasaa.
N'okpuru ọrụ nke oxidizer, graphite bụ oxidized na macromolecules netwọk na-anọpụ iche na oyi akwa graphite na-aghọ macromolecules planar na ụgwọ dị mma. N'ihi mmetụta na-asọ oyi nke otu ụgwọ ahụ dị mma, ebe dị anya n'etiti graphite layers na-abawanye, nke na-enye ọwa na ohere maka intercalator ịbanye na oyi akwa graphite nke ọma. N'ime usoro nkwadebe nke graphite nwere ike ịgbasa, onye na-emekọrịta ihe na-abụkarị acid. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị nchọpụta na-ejikarị sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, acid mix na glacial acetic acid.
Electrochemical usoro dị na a mgbe nile ugbu a, na aqueous ngwọta nke ntinye dị ka electrolyte, graphite na metal ihe (igwe anaghị agba nchara, platinum efere, lead efere, titanium efere, wdg) mejupụtara anode mejupụtara, metal ihe etinyere n'ime. electrolyte dị ka cathode, na-eme oghere mechiri emechi; Ma ọ bụ graphite kwụsịtụrụ na electrolyte, na electrolyte n'otu oge etinyere na-adịghị mma na mma efere, site na abụọ electrodes na-eme ka usoro, anodic oxidation. Elu nke graphite bụ oxidized na carbocation. N'otu oge ahụ, n'okpuru nchikota omume nke electrostatic mma na ịta ọdịiche diffusion, acid ion acid ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ pola intercalant ion na-agbakwunyere n'etiti graphite n'ígwé na-etolite expandable graphite.
E jiri ya tụnyere usoro oxidation nke kemịkalụ, usoro electrochemical maka nkwadebe nke graphite na-agbasa na usoro dum na-enweghị iji oxidant, ọnụọgụ ọgwụgwọ dị ukwuu, ihe fọdụrụnụ nke ihe ndị na-emebi emebi dị ntakịrị, enwere ike ịmegharị electrolyte mgbe mmeghachi omume ahụ gasịrị. ọnụ ọgụgụ nke acid na-ebelata, a na-echekwa ọnụ ahịa, mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi na-ebelata, mmebi nke ngwá ọrụ dị ala, na ndụ ọrụ na-agbatị. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, usoro electrochemical ejiri nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ usoro kachasị mma maka ịkwadebe graphite gbasaa site na. ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ uru.
Usoro mgbasa ozi nke gas bụ iji mepụta graphite gbasaa site na ịkpọtụrụ onye na-ahụ maka intercalator na graphite n'ụdị gaseous na mmeghachi omume na-emegharị emegharị. akara, ya mere a na-akpọkwa ya dị ka usoro ụlọ abụọ. A na-ejikarị usoro a na-emepụta halide -EG na alkali metal -EG na ụlọ ọrụ.
Uru: Ọdịdị na usoro nke reactor nwere ike ịchịkwa, na reactants na ngwaahịa nwere ike dị mfe kewapụrụ.
Ihe ọghọm: ngwaọrụ mmeghachi omume dị mgbagwoju anya, ọrụ ahụ na-esiwanye ike, ya mere mmepụta ahụ dị oke, na mmeghachi omume a ga-eme n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu, oge dị ogologo, na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị oke elu, ebe nkwadebe kwesịrị ekwesị. bụrụ oghere, ya mere ọnụahịa mmepụta dị oke elu, ọ bụghị adabara maka ngwa mmepụta buru ibu.
Usoro mmiri mmiri agwakọta bụ ịgwakọta ihe etinyere na graphite ozugbo, n'okpuru nchebe nke ngagharị nke gas inert ma ọ bụ sistemụ mkpuchi maka mmeghachi omume kpo oku iji kwadebe graphite gbasaa. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka njikọ nke alkali metal-graphite interlaminar compound (GICs).
Uru: Usoro mmeghachi omume dị mfe, ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume na-adị ngwa ngwa, site n'ịgbanwe nha nke akụrụngwa graphite na ntinye nwere ike iru ụfọdụ ihe owuwu na ihe mejupụtara graphite na-agbasawanye, dabara adaba maka mmepụta oke.
Mwepu: Ngwaahịa a kpụrụ akpụ bụ nke na-adịghị akwụsi ike, ọ na-esiri ike ịnagide ihe a na-etinye n'efu na-ejikọta n'elu GIC, ọ na-esikwa ike ịhụ nkwụsi ike nke ogige interlamellar graphite mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke njikọ.
The agbaze usoro bụ mix graphite na intercalating ihe na okpomọkụ iji kwadebe expandable graphite.Dabere na eziokwu na eutectic components nwere ike wedata ebe agbaze nke usoro (n'okpuru ebe agbaze nke ọ bụla akụrụngwa), ọ bụ usoro maka nkwadebe nke. ternary ma ọ bụ multicomponent GIC site n'itinye ihe abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa (nke ga-enwe ike ịmepụta usoro nnu a wụrụ awụ) n'etiti graphite n'ígwé n'out oge. A na-ejikarị akwadebe metal chlorides - GIC.
Uru: Ngwaahịa synthesis nwere nkwụsi ike dị mma, dị mfe ịsacha, ngwaọrụ mmeghachi omume dị mfe, obere mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ, obere oge, kwesịrị ekwesị maka mmepụta nnukwu.
Ihe ọghọm: ọ na-esiri ike ịchịkwa usoro nhazi na nhazi nke ngwaahịa na usoro mmeghachi omume, ọ na-esikwa ike iji hụ na nkwekọ nke usoro nhazi na nhazi nke ngwaahịa na nchịkọta nchịkọta.
Usoro agbadoro anya bụ ịgwakọta matriks graphite na ọla ala alkaline na ntụ ntụ ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe wee meghachi omume imepụta M-GICS n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụgide.
Ihe ọghọm: Naanị mgbe ikuku vapor nke metal karịrị otu ọnụ ụzọ, enwere ike ime mmeghachi omume ntinye; Otú ọ dị, okpomọkụ dị oke elu, ọ dị mfe ime ka ígwè na graphite na-emepụta carbides, mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma, ya mere, a ghaghị ịhazi okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume n'otu ebe. Ntinye ntinye nke ọla ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa dị oke elu, ya mere, a ghaghị itinye nrụgide n'ọrụ. belata mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume. Usoro a kwesịrị ekwesị maka nkwadebe nke metal-GICS nwere ebe mgbaze dị ala, ma ngwaọrụ ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya na ihe ndị a chọrọ na-arụ ọrụ siri ike, n'ihi ya, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ugbu a.
Ụzọ mgbawa n'ozuzu na-eji graphite na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi dị ka KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2·nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros ma ọ bụ ngwakọta kwadebere, mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ, graphite ga n'out oge oxidation na intercalation mmeghachi omume cambium compound, nke bụ mgbe ahụ. gbasaa n'ụzọ "mgbawa", si otú a na-agbasawanye graphite. Mgbe a na-eji nnu ígwè eme ihe dị ka mgbasawanye mgbasa ozi, ngwaahịa ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, nke na-abụghị nanị gbasaa graphite, kamakwa ígwè.
